- endorphins
These morphine like substances are produced on exercise and have a
direct action on the brain giving a sense of euphoria.
- entheses
The entheses are the insertions into bone of collagenous structures
such as tendons, ligaments and articular capsules. The entheses are
subjected to heavy loads and it is probably repeated stresses that
cause the characteristic changes or abnormalities in the entheses which
are called enthesopathics.
- enthesitis
Inflammation of the muscular or tendinous attachment to bone.
- enthesopathies
As far as work related upper limb disorders are concerned the most
common enthesopathies are the tennis and golfer's elbows (where the
tendons are inserted into the lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle)
leading to epicondylitis. Others are the supraspinatus tendinitis, and
the abductor longus tendinitis. The long tendon of the biceps,
supraspinatus tendon, and the extensor pollicis longus are three
examples of tendons which are prone to rupture without violent stress
or injury.
- epicondylitis
This is characterised by pain in the lateral or medial aspect of the
elbow often radiating down into the forearm. It is due to inflammation
caused by strain of the forearm extensor or flexor muscles at their
point of origin. Epicondylitis appears under many names such as tennis
elbow, golfer's elbow, javelin thrower's arm, but many occupational
jobs involving hammering or lifting with outstretched fingers under
pressure may bring about this typical clinical picture.
- epistemological
Epistemology is the science which deals with the origin, method and
validity of knowledge. Ergonomics - The application of strict
engineering and scientific principles to the design of the work place
and the work place equipment, tools, machinery, seats and furniture.
'Fitting the worker to the job and the job to the worker.'
- expert witness
The function of an expert witness is to assist the Court in coming to a
conclusion. It is not the function of an expert witness to be biased
one way or another. He should be an expert in his field and prepared to
give his opinion dispassionately - no matter who is paying his fee. The
expert witness should be able to act either for the Plaintiff or the
Defendant being there merely to put forward the facts to allow the
Court to come to its own conclusion based on those facts.
“It would be off no assistance to
the Courts if doctors were encouraged to abandon their professional
approach and write reports designed to achieve particular objectives,
at the behest of the patient or anyone else.” Nolbe v.
Thompson 1979
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